Shock  

What causes shock?

Some causes of shock are: trauma, heatstroke, allergic reactions, severe infection, poisoning.

What are the various signs and symptoms which appear in a person experiencing shock?

• The skin is cool and clammy or gray looking.
• The eyes dull and sometimes the pupils are dilated.
• The pulse is weak and rapid.
• Breathing is affected. It could be slow and shallow or rapid and deep breathing.
• Blood pressure is low.
• Vomiting or nausea. 
• The person may be conscious (feeling very weak or confused) or unconscious.
• Shock sometimes causes a person to become overly excited and anxious.

What to do if suspect shock is suspected (even if the person seems normal after an injury)?

• Keep calm.
• Call for emergency medical assistance (Dial 997).
• Lying the person down on his or her back, have them raise their feet higher than the head. Keep him or her flat if raising the legs is harmful.
• Keep the person from moving.
• If signs of circulation are absent begin CPR.
• Keep the person warm and relaxed. Loosen any belts and tight clothing and cover the person with a blanket.
• Give nothing by mouth, even if the person is thirsty.
• If the person vomits or bleeds from the mouth, turn the person on his or her side to prevent choking.
• Seek treatment for injuries, such as bleeding or broken bones.

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This information is provided by the NGHA Content Advisory Board and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your health care provider.