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High Blood Pressure

​High Blood Pressure

What is high blood pressure?

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the body in many ways. 

High blood pressure (HBP) is a serious condition that can lead to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and other health problems.

What are the symptoms?

High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. People who have high blood pressure typically don't know it until their blood pressure is measured. High Blood Pressure

Sometimes there are the following symptoms:

  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Blurred vision
  • Nausea
  • More nosebleeds than normal

What are the causes?

There are two kinds of HBP, the primary, which is the most common in adults and has no identifiable cause. And the secondary which is usually caused by an underlying condition or medications, including:

  • Smoking
  • Family history
  • Obesity
  • Alcohol
  • Lack of exercise
  • Diet
  • Certain medications e.g. birth control pills, cold remedies and some prescription drugs
  • Adrenal gland tumors
  • Certain congenital heart defects
  • Irregular kidney functions
  • Illegal drugs

Treatment and prevention:

There are several ways to go about treatment:

  • Lifestyle Changes:

    Changing your lifestyle can go a long way toward controlling high blood pressure.
    • Healthy eating pattern and reducing salt and sodium in your diet 
    • Maintaining a healthy weight 
    • Being physically active
    • Limiting alcohol intake
    • Quit smoking

  • Medical Therapy

  • The major types of medication used to control high blood pressure include:
    • ◦ngiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists - these make the walls of the blood vessels relax and widen.
    • Calcium channel blockers or alpha blockers - these help widen the blood vessels.
    • Diuretics - these increase the amount of water and salt removed from your blood by your kidneys. This triggers hormones which lower blood pressure.
    • Renin inhibitors slow down the production of renin, an enzyme produced by your kidneys increases blood pressure. 
    • Beta-blockers - these drugs reduce the work your heart has to do, by reducing your pulse rate at times when it may beat too forcefully such as during exercise or when you are feeling stressed.

Once the BP is managed, the doctor may have you take daily aspirin to reduce your risk of cardiovascular disorders.

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